Finding New Mushroom Species in Colombia with Dr. Adriana Corrales
Alisa Nappa
Today we travel to Colombia with Dr. Adriana Corrales to explore biodiverse cloud forests to search for new species of fungi. We dive into her research on the endangered mycorrhizal associations with the elusive Colombian Black Oak (Trigonobalanus excelsa), a day in the life of a fungal expedition leader, how to find and analyze new species of mushrooms, and so mush more. Tune in and Shroom in to today's episode to learn more.
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TRANSCRIPT
Speaker 1 0:11
Alex, welcome, welcome. You are listening to the mushroom revival podcast. I'm your host, Alex Dorr, and we are absolutely obsessed with the wonderful, wacky, mysterious world of mushrooms and fungi. We bring on guests and experts from all around the globe to geek out with us and go down this mysterious rabbit hole to try to figure out what the heck is going on with these mysterious fungal friends of ours. And today, we have Adriana from Medellin, Colombia joining us today to talk about mycorrhizal fungi, DNA sequencing, protecting Colombian black oaks, and what what we can help to to save the world biodiversity. So how you doing?
Speaker 2 0:55
Hello and thank you so much for this invitation. This is so exciting. Yeah,
Speaker 1 0:59
thanks for coming on. So for people who don't know you and your work, who are you? What are you doing?
Speaker 2 1:03
Yes, so I'm Adriana, as you said. I am originally from Colombia, and I work from Colombia, but I am part of spawn, which is the Society for the Protection of underground networks, which is a nonprofit organization that works on work on fungi conservation. We are a science based organization, so I'm a scientist, and I've been working with my carousel fungi for a very long time.
Speaker 1 1:31
Amazing. And so you primarily work with Colombian black oaks. I'm not going to try to pronounce the Latin name, but why are they so special, and what is endangering them, and what, what can we do to help? Yes, yes,
Speaker 2 1:46
this the scientific name is trigonovinus excelsa. Trigono is triangle, if like, the seats are in the shape of a triangle. That's why they are called that way. And yes, I have been working, I work overall, with something that is called Tropical ectomycorrhizal species. So ectomycorrhizal is a type of mycorrhizal association which is super common in the tempered zones and in the boreal forest, but it's very, very rare in the tropics. People thought like that didn't really exist in the tropics and wasn't very important. But I got obsessed with those, with those species that are very rare and very endangered, and the black cokes are one of those. And these species, most of them are, have a northern hemisphere origin, and they migrated to the tropics during a glaciation area, era or time, and then they got stuck here. And they are stuck in the mountains, in the tropical mountains, because they are more adapted to colder, colder weather. So this is a species that only lives in some small populations in the mountains of Colombia, which is very tropical, so their habitat is very reduced, and it happens to overlap with the coffee farming area, which, of course, Colombia is very well known for its coffee. So it's such super hard competition for space, and so there is a lot of pressure for deforestation. Also it's wood is really valuable. So, yes, that's where it's basically in danger, a lot of deforestation,
Speaker 1 3:33
and is its primary habitat, like Cloud Forest. High elevation cloud forest, exactly
Speaker 2 3:40
No, super high elevation. It's kind of a medium belt, between 1002 1000 meters or less, a little bit less, less than 2000 so it's just a very intermediate belt, because we have higher altitudes here, right? 3000 4000 meters, which are really high altitude. But yes, it's in that middle belt is very, very is one weather, but it's not, is not, is not super hot, either, and it has very specific characteristics. For example, each the pH in the soils is super low, is three or four, which is acid, super acid. It lives in these very specific environments, and of course, is associated with these very specific fungi that help them grow. And
Speaker 1 4:34
are there a wide variety of fungi? Are we figuring that out of what connects with this specific tree? Is it one specific variety? What is the fungal biodiversity that associates with this tree?
Speaker 2 4:46
It's incredibly high biodiversity. I have done some molecular inventories, and we have found around 200 species that are so. Uh, ectomycorrhizal species that associate with black oaks. Um, sorry.
Speaker 3 5:06
How many kids you have? Are those your kids? I assume I don't have one kid. I'm gonna have to tell them to a little bit. How old's your kid? He's five. Oh, that's cute. Do you do you go out foraging with with your kid sometimes,
Speaker 2 5:20
yes, but yeah, black hole is far away from here, so it's hard to go on expeditions with him. But yes, when I can, I take him. What's,
Unknown Speaker 5:30
what's the closest distance from medicine?
Speaker 2 5:35
Yeah, it's, it's very far. It's by car. Is like 910, hours. Wow, yeah, yeah, it's because of the mountains, so you have to go up right mountain. So it's, it's far because of that.
Speaker 1 5:51
So, um, there's an excerpt in an article written about you, and it said, Although researchers have been looking into symbiosis since the late 19th century, no single genome of tropical mycorrhizal fungi from South America has ever been sequenced. I thought that was crazy. Why is that?
Unknown Speaker 6:12
Yes? So
Speaker 2 6:16
there are several reasons. Is mostly not mushrooms, but in specifically no ectomycorrhizal mushroom genomes has been done, and we don't even think it's from any tropical area in the world. Is because people there are not alert specialists in tropical ectomycorrhizal species. And there is not a lot of funding in in our countries for for this type of research. So we did a lot of looking for information before we apply for this grant, actually, and yeah, we couldn't find a single genome from ectomycorrhizal groups, which are huge groups that you all might be familiar with, like bolides, Bruce Alisa, milk cups, Coronavirus, which are huge groups and that all their representatives that have been sequenced for genomes are mostly from the northern hemisphere. Right
Speaker 1 7:24
in the paper, I mean, in the article, it talked about how you found a species that was only also found in Panama. Have Did you study in Panama?
Speaker 2 7:38
Yes, I did my whole PhD with a very similar species to black oaks. I'm not going to pronounce the scientific name, and I doesn't have a easy common name there, but it's in the well known walnut family. It's very active mycorrhizal as well. And super is very endemic of Central America. Is not even here in Colombia, yes, so I did a lot of field work there. Did many similar things that I'm doing here with black oats, and then I did, I do a lot of mushroom inventories as well, because I'm as well, obsessed with mushrooms and with fungi. So yes, I have collected so many and then sequence them too. Because when I got there, I was like, oh my god, I forgot all my taxonomy. I don't recognize anything that is here. And then when I started sequencing, I realized that a lot of it was new species for science, and I'm I'm reliving the same here in Colombia with black oaks, because these species are super endemic. But I find, I'm finding that some species that I'm finding here and finding them in Panama as well, because it's exactly the same belt, cloud forest, same altitude, different hosts, but very similar soils also. So yes, this particularly, we have found several rusla species that are found in Panama and here in Colombia. And this one is specifically for example, Rory formis, because it's in the shape of a flower, we decided to to name it like that, Rosella ferrovina. We also found it in Panama and in Colombia. So basically, it's because we have collections from those two countries that we are able to connect the populations and this species.
Speaker 1 9:43
Panama is such an interesting case study for biodiversity in connecting South America and Central and North because of the land bridge. I don't know how many millions of years ago or when it was, but, yeah, I mean, when those two land masses connected, that you. Kind of cultural biodiversity exchange from both land masses connected, and Panama is kind of the bridge, so to speak. And so, yeah, you'll find a lot of interesting juxtapositions there and crossovers. And also, I assume you know Merlin Sheldrick in tangle life. Yeah, I think he, he also did his PhD on mycorrhizal tropical fungi in Panama as well.
Unknown Speaker 10:25
Yes, yes, we overlapped there for real, cool
Speaker 1 10:29
years. Amazing. Yeah, he's, he's great, real, really eloquent speaker and amazing researcher. So I'm glad you got to overlap. It seems like Panama is if you want to study mycorrhizal fungi in tropical ecologies. That seems to be a hot spot. Maybe it's a coincidence. Maybe you two just happened to go there, but it seems like a really awesome place to study.
Speaker 2 10:53
Yes, definitely. I mean BCI, which is the viral Colorado Island is the most studied tropical forest in the world, and I didn't do my desert station there. I did it in the mountains in a different field station. But yes, you get to overlap with such a amazing group of tropical sciences all over the world. And it's a very exciting place,
Speaker 1 11:15
where, where did you study in in Panama? What? What mountain region?
Speaker 2 11:19
Yes, it's called the Fortuna forest reserve, okay, is, uh, very close to the border with Costa Rica. So it when you think about Costa Rica is more similar to Fortuna, but when you think about Panama, that most people to think about the ocean, the beach and and the lowlands. And I was in the mountains in foggy, super rainy area, and
Speaker 1 11:45
the Colombian black oaks, are they only in a certain region, or are they kind of spread out, but only between, I think you said 1003 1000 feet elevation, but spread across the country? Are they only in like one specific region,
Speaker 2 12:02
we have only found five different populations here in Colombia, and there are three that are the biggest ones. And the one in Wheeler that I had been working is the is the biggest one. But it's not really big. And when you walk into a forest, it's usually really small. They form like very small patches of like a hectare of two hectares at the most, but there's a lot of fragmentation going on. So we don't know if this is the natural way they used to be or is just a result of deforestation.
Speaker 1 12:37
And in the article, it said that you and your team were armed with liquid nitrogen, a hammer, plastic bags, and in a picture, it showed you with a tube digging into the soil. I'm curious. Like when you wake up in the morning and you're like, all right, I'm going out to you know, search for new species of fungi. What does your day look like? What is the process look like? What tools to use from start to finish, like, what, what does your job look like? Like? How does, how does your day go?
Speaker 2 13:09
I love this question because, yes, I'm very fortunate. It's fortunate that I get to go to these amazing places that are a little remote, and we stay in a very remote in a farm already that is far away from town we get. So we, we bring, we have to bring the liquid nitrogen tanks from Bogota, which is like nine hours drive, because you cannot find liquid nitrogen in this small, smaller cities that are near in Wheeler. So that's the adventure starts like the day before, two days before, in Bogota, bringing this liquid nitrogen. Then we bring it, and then we have a, first of all liquid nitrogen we get in this very, very old jeeps, or just these cars, troopers, yeah, they're actually troopers on we we drive in these dirt roads or modded roads for an hour or two. We get to this place, we hike up hill, and then we finally enter this beautiful forest, and then we we collect, collect soil cores. We're collecting different types of of of samples. We collect soil that we put in a small, very small tubes, and then we dump them into the liquid nitrogen to capture what the microbial communities, especially the mycorrhizal fungi, are doing at that exact moment. Are they decomposing much inorganic matter or absorbing phosphorus, or whatever they are doing there? And also we collect the mushrooms. Of the ectomycorrhizae mushrooms that are in very good shape, that we think are not very contaminated, that are fresh. And also could small pieces, put them in these vials and put them straight in the liquid nitrogen so we can bring them back, and then bring them back to camp and then to Bogota to do DNA extraction, to send to our collaborators in the JGI, the Joint Genome Institute lab in the US.
Speaker 1 15:35
So I have a couple of friends that do DNA sequencing, and their big proponents of desiccant balls, or like these gel balls that dehydrate the mushroom. What is the benefits of using liquid nitrogen versus maybe a desiccant?
Speaker 2 15:56
Yeah, that's a great question. I think, of course, for us working in the remote locations. It depends what we want to do it. I just want to do barcoding of these mushrooms, desiccating, I think sounds ideal because it's easy and super cheap and portable. If you want to do whole genomes, you or meta transcriptomes, you really need to to preserve them in liquid nitrogen or dry ice, because they have to be super high quality of DNA. And the JGI Labs also have very high standards for DNA qualities, so we are kind of forced to use the liquid nitrogen. But it was a full adventure. I had to figure out what tanks I had to buy, how to get the dry eye the liquid nitrogen there, etc. But yes, the second or even alcohol, 90% alcohol, is super, super helpful. When you are just doing sandier sequencing or simple or single species, part coding is super is super useful. Yes, that I would just do that. I used to do that before. So
Speaker 1 17:15
as someone who knows very little about DNA sequencing, and I'm sure a lot of our listeners don't as well. What is the difference between a barcode versus a full genome, and what are some of the you know, benefits of either one?
Speaker 2 17:36
Of course, yes, I'm sorry this hopefully is not super technical, but the full genome is is sequencing the absolute entire genetic information of an organism, every single gene, everything you sequence, and you have all the information about that organism. Bar coding is just a small region that we, all my colleges, have agreed that is very helpful for telling species apart. That's why we call it the barcode. So for example, for most of our mushrooms, is the its the IPS region is a short region between, I don't know, 509 100 base pairs that is very easy to amplify, and it's super helpful to even get to species level sometimes. So
Speaker 1 18:40
if all you need is the its region, like this very small part that you just kind of cut out and amplify to be able to identify the species, what is the benefit of identifying the full genome? What? What can you do with the full genome that you can't just do with a snippet to identify what? What can you do beyond identifying the species?
Speaker 2 19:04
Yes, of course, that's a great question. Most of it is the function knowing what the species is capable of doing. We don't know if it's doing it, but it's capable like what type of enzymes is able to produce, what type of environment could adapt to live on. So we just get way, way more information beyond taxonomy,
Speaker 1 19:35
right, right? Yes, and you've helped discover in the article, it said 20. I don't know if it's beyond that now, but 20 new species of fungi new to science. So I'm curious, what is the process of finding a new species, and what? What happens once you realize, oh, this is, this is new to science.
Speaker 2 19:57
This I never, I never get. Tired of of exploring and looking at new mushrooms, because it's so exciting to see species for the first time, things that you never seen before. Um, and in my case, is just very easy to find in species. Because if I said that almost everything is new. But yes, you start with, what is this? I never seen it before. Let's take a good description, good pictures and a little bit of DNA. And then you see, in my case, I'm not a taxonomist, I'm an ecologist. So I initially started doing the barcoding, so doing the DNA first, and then I was just like, nothing. Blast this. This sequence doesn't have any matches in Geneva. Why is why is that? So I started looking for for the specialist, and then I finally got connected to many wonderful specialists that were super interested. And then they were the ones that were able to tell me for sure that they were new species, because they have the entire world phylogenies of the group, they were able to plug in the DNA that I produce and realize it's a new branch of these three that they have been working for so many years. And then when we look at the microscope, they realize that the mythology of the cells or the many structures don't match any other described species. So basically, I do my service to my colleges, to go to these unexplored places, difficult to access, and bring these collections and show them to the world, basically, and then go to the real specialists that are the ones that have the tools to know when it's a new species. And then I get involved again in the part of writing the papers about the habitat. Many of these are new associations, like these hosts haven't been reported before and things like that. But they are the real heroes here
Speaker 1 22:25
and it. Are there guidelines to writing the paper, like, how descriptive you have to be in terms of describing new species? Like, is there a regulatory agency that overlooks this, that you have to, like, submit it to and be okay, I found a new species. Does this do? Am I certify it or something like, or, yeah, like, what? Or can you just go to any publisher and just be like, Hey, I found a new species. I described it as best as I can. And there's no really. How does that work? If that makes any sense,
Speaker 2 22:59
yes, of course. Well, the first thing is really, really proved that is a new species. And then in this day, you have to show, in a molecular phylogeny, and also morphologically, that you have something different that doesn't look like anything else that is phylogenetically different, forms a new branch of the tree of of the of the group. And then there is no really certification, but you go through a peer in most cases, you go to a peer review process. When you write your paper, you write your arguments, this is what I found. This is the morphology. This is what we think is different. This is the phylogeny. This is what we think is different. And then your peers really tell you, Okay, we believe you, or you have to show more evidence that this is true. And then finally you get accepted.
Speaker 1 24:07
And I heard you can't name your own species that you found, you have to have somebody else name it for you, right?
Speaker 2 24:15
Yes, yes, I think I don't know that is a real rule about it, but
Speaker 1 24:19
okay, a name roll, interesting. Yeah, I've heard it's, it's pretty common to kind of like, have a buddy system, where every new species that you find, you have your buddy name it, and then every new species that they find you name it for them. This kind of like, this, this deal that you have with them, yeah, I'm so curious, like, why that started or, yeah, where that came from is such an interesting rule.
Speaker 2 24:50
Yeah, this is named for me that was so honored
Speaker 1 24:57
you have one is that what you said, Yes. Oh, what, what? What kind of mushroom is it? It's
Speaker 2 25:03
a cortinarius. Oh, that's awesome. It's called cortinarius Adriana.
Unknown Speaker 25:08
Oh, amazing.
Speaker 2 25:11
Yes. I don't know why. Why? I think we're just trying to give disability some to some people that is special and that play a big part, big role that is covered the species or something, or that inspire us.
Unknown Speaker 25:28
And who named that after you?
Speaker 2 25:31
Well, it was a group of people, but it was Gioia, Marathi and Clark Cobra is like a group of, I sorry, I don't remember the rest of the hours, but yes,
Speaker 1 25:49
oh, that's so special. That's awesome. And you said you work with a DNA sequencing lab, and I think they're the same group that also you got a grant from. Is that correct? If I remember from the article The Joint Genome Institute, yeah, yeah. Am I getting that right? Am I remembering
Speaker 2 26:07
that? Yes. So they so I have gotten several, a couple of grants to work in black oaks. The first grant was done by the Franklin Foundation, which is a foundation basically really focus on underground conservation, and now I got, we got to respond a grant from the Joint Genome Institute from the United States that give us Funding for sequencing. For sequencing, they do a lot of advanced sequencing, so we're doing metatranscriptomics and genomics with them. So we do all this, all the collection, the collecting and extractions, but we can send them a lot of materials, and they sequence it for us, which is super helpful.
Speaker 1 26:58
That's amazing. So talking about kind of your future vision, and this is going to be a big question, and maybe you don't have the answer, or maybe it's kind of similar to the DNA sequencing of how you answered. It of like, I have my stuff that I specialize in, and then they have their they do the DNA sequencing, and I don't handle that. So once you know, say, 510, years down the line, 50 years, however long it takes you find out every single you know species that has a symbiosis with Columbia black oaks. You catalog it, identify all the new species. Is the goal of the project. I assume conservation of the species, and if so, what are the next steps? Like, who do you present that data to in the Colombian government, or, you know, to conserve Colombian black oaks? I'm guessing it's, you know, involved in the coffee industry, which is kind of hard to go up against. So like, what are the steps beyond the intensive groundwork of going out and identifying all these species in association with Columbia black oaks?
Speaker 2 28:13
Yeah, that's a great question, because I don't even think we have 10 years for this, right? Because this is urgent. The Black Oak is disappearing. Is the populations are tiny. And as I said in a talk that I was giving lately, I have a lot of hope that we are going to understand everything about the black oak, understand the super complex ecosystems, these super complex relationships with fungi, but once we get there, these pieces might be gone. Yeah, so we really need to take action as soon as possible, and that's why I'm excited that we have this underground culture on the ground conservation before, because we produce tons of seedlings. We're doing, we're giving them away to people that want to do restoration of black oaks that we inoculated those seedlings with live soil from, from from the mature forest. And the Mycorrhizae are there, because every time I go there, I see less and less and less forest. So what I'm trying to do is advocate for the protection of the fungi and the species and hopefully create preserves that are based on protecting the populations of the plant, but also the communities of fungi associated to this plant. We were just a cop, for example, trying to advocate for the conservation of mycorrhizal fungi in general. But of course. Course, the black oak is a big part of of what I would like to protect, and it's just so difficult. This is very difficult because I'm just a scientist trying to understand this ecosystems and just trying to talk to the the decision makers, but it's just so hard to to get for people to listen and, and, and, yeah, so it's a big question. It's a big question, and it's also a big responsibility that we have, because we know what is happening. We know the real value of this ecosystems, and we just need to convince people that are thinking about many, many other issues. So how can we tell them this is really important. We really need to prioritize this. Um, I don't know. I am super open for
Speaker 3 30:57
our ideas. Let's get there. I
Speaker 1 31:02
a little side story. I did a field study in Ecuador in 2015 for a few months, and kind of the the leader of the group. He was a entomologist, and he specialized in butterflies and conservation. And we're studying biodiversity in different regions, and we were kind of researching the effects like humans had on those different areas. And we had a discussion one day. And, you know, at the time, I was really young and extremely starry eyed and very hopeful, and was like, We can do anything, you know. And and he just, you know, he's been in the area for so long, and, you know, for probably 20 plus years, and has seen it rapidly change over over the course of the time. And we're like, so how do we, how do we save the rainforest, you know, like, how do we? How do we do it? And he was like, I don't think we can, but what we can do is just try our best and put every cent that we can in conservation and into research, and before it goes away, and he's like, I know he's like, I my point of view is like, the rainforest is going to be destroyed maybe in my lifetime, but what I can Do for future generations is like, identify as many butterflies as I can before they all get eradicated. And so we have, like, some time capsule left, and he's like, and then I'm just gonna pour as much money as I can into small, very small plots of land to conserve it and and just, just at least try something and do a little bit. I know I can't save the whole thing, but at least I can do just, like, a point, oh, 1% part in the solution. And I remember hearing that and being really frustrated at the time, and, like, how could you say that? Like, it's so defeating. Like, I was pissed at him at the time of, like, you gave up, kind of, but now as I'm older and kind of, I see where he's coming from, and I have, like, a deeper appreciation and understanding of where what he was saying, when he was saying that it is hard, you know, humans are difficult to deal with, and, yeah, it's, it's hard to convince people that we're not separate from nature, and it's insanely important to our survival and and it's just beautiful.
Speaker 2 33:34
That should be enough. It is so beautiful. These mushrooms are unbelievable. I should show you pictures, because they're so beautiful.
Speaker 1 33:44
Please send because we have a show notes section. So if you send any pictures, we can, we can put it in the podcast notes.
Speaker 2 33:51
Yes, I can show you cool pictures of mushrooms, especially
Speaker 1 33:55
your mushroom. We definitely have to have that. Oh, my God,
Speaker 3 33:59
I haven't told anyone. It's just like news for a lot of people. I'm excited to see it. That's really Yeah, you should be honored. That's really exciting. Yes, yes, I'll show you. So
Speaker 1 34:14
another big question, and again, I don't know if you have a perfect answer, but if you had unlimited money, time, resources, equipment, team, permits, relationships, etc. What would you do? And what
Speaker 2 34:31
why would I do? Yes, oh, my God, that's dreamy, dreamy. I would just spend it all in Conservation and Research, of course, and just create a huge reserve that also leads with, in equilibrium, with with people. Because that's another thing conservation. You cannot exclude people. So just. Find people that likes to be in nature and take care of this forest, which are many, many people from Wheeler actually, that they love the forest, and if they could, they would preserve it. So I would just pay to these people to preserve their lands and just keep spreading the word, the world. And of course, I would pay tons of taxonomies to describe tons of species before they disappear as well. And of course, I would just give many grants. I'm the director of a grant program. Oh, that's awesome. It's called the Underground Explorers. Is from spawn, and we give small grants to microvisal researchers that work in under explore areas from around the world. That's so cool. Mostly, yes, it's super cool. It's mostly focused on the global South, but anyone can apply, so I will just also give tons of brands to to people that love mycorrhiza and wants to protect them.
Speaker 1 36:07
So if people are, you know, we have, we have a wide range of listeners, from people brand new to mushrooms to already having their PhD to, you know, all over the globe, and, um, for specifically people that are maybe about to go to university, or maybe um, are brand new to mushrooms, but don't know what to study, and are kind of like looking for key areas and maybe inspired by this conversation and want To do what you're doing, um, or, you know, have certain resources and want to help out of what you're doing. How can people be more involved in in the work that you're doing?
Speaker 2 36:55
That's a great question, I think, is, is so it's very inspiring, where people just love mushrooms, and they want to help and and they want to spread the world about the word about how important it is, and just spreading the word about how important fungi are, how important mycorrhiza are, and how we could help. Not Know, Like putting chemical fertilizers, things like that, it's super helpful. Also you, I think I'd really appreciate their the work that citizen science scientists do on this, mycological societies or groups, the local for example, in the US, that's so cool, because they create this, these guides. We don't have the type of thing here in Colombia. We have, like, a couple of guides that were done long time ago are not very big, but I really appreciate those local communities that are focused on on fungi and mushroom mushroom taxonomy and identification. I'm
Unknown Speaker 38:17
sorry about that. Problem,
Unknown Speaker 38:24
your kid just wants to go out in the woods.
Speaker 3 38:26
My God, I told him to be quiet. So
Speaker 1 38:29
cute. Kids are kids. They do what they want. I'm sorry. No, it's totally fine. Yeah, we're all creatures at heart.
Unknown Speaker 38:42
The so
Speaker 1 38:45
where can people follow your work spun anything that you're you're a part of? Yeah, where can people stay involved in new species that you're finding and things like that.
Speaker 2 39:00
So I guess I am kind of active in Twitter. No, sorry, it's x. Now, a little bit I'm not super active in social media, but spawn has a reactive social media. They have Instagram and our website is has very news. They can't subscribe for our newsletters as well. There are always exciting news about the new expeditions and the lead of expeditions in spawn. So there are always news about the expeditions. Yeah, I'm sorry. I wish I I had a higher presence online.
Speaker 1 39:42
Probably a good thing. Yeah, I think, I think everyone should probably have less of a presence online. Probably be healthier for the world, me included. Well, thank you. I thanks for coming on. I really appreciate it, and I'm excited for all the work that. Doing, and I think it's incredibly important, and I hope that it continues, and you find new species, and you get out there and keep saving the world. So thanks for coming on. Appreciate it.
Speaker 2 40:13
Thank you so much. This has been a lot of fun, and I hope people, yeah, keep protecting fungi and the world too.
Unknown Speaker 40:23
Your kid in the background is like, yeah, yeah, do it gotta you got a cheerleader in the background?
Unknown Speaker 40:36
I'm really sorry. Oh, no, okay.
Speaker 1 40:39
I love it. I love it so much. And thank you everyone for tuning in and trimming in for another episode of the mushroom revival podcast. Really appreciate you wherever you're tuning in from, from around the world, if you like the show and you want to contribute, we don't have a a direct way to contribute financially. We don't have a Patreon or anything like that, but we do have a mother brand mushroom revival, and we have a whole line of organic mushroom supplements from tinctures, capsules, powders, gummies. And if you're interested, we have a special coupon code just for listeners of this podcast. It's VIP treat or pod treat, sorry, pod treat for a surprise discount code. And if you don't want to spend any money, we have a surprise giveaway going on, and we pick a winner once a month, and you get a free box of mushroom goodies. And we also have a bunch of free content on our website, from from a ton of blog posts to free ebooks that you can download from everything from fungal ecology to micro dosing to functional mushrooms, et cetera. And also my newest book, The Little Book of mushrooms, is on there as well, and you can find it in pretty much all bookstores in the US and online as well. But it helps if you order it from our website, and yeah, if you learned something cool on this episode, please tell a friend, keep that that human mycelial network going, and keep spreading the awesome word of mushrooms and ecology and biology and how amazing nature is, and keep telling everyone around you so we can work together to help preserve as much as possible. So with that, thank you much love and may the spores Be With You. You.
Transcribed by https://otter.ai
